Polyvagal Theory
Stephen Porges
A neurobiological framework describing how the autonomic nervous system subconsciously evaluates risk and shifts between states of safety, mobilisation, and shutdown.
- Neuroception — sub-cortical detection of safety or threat
- Ventral vagal (social engagement & connection)
- Sympathetic (fight / flight / mobilisation)
- Dorsal vagal (freeze / shutdown / collapse)
Guides therapists to read autonomic state, co-regulate through tone, face and presence, and help clients move up the ladder toward ventral vagal safety.